TCP-IP need at least four things configured:
Subnet mask, Gateway and Name servers likely the same on just about every single node on the network but IP address has be different on every single node on the network.
An application layer protocol that automates the configuration process of hosts on a network.
With DHCP, a machine can query a DHCP server when the computer connects to the network and receive all the networking configuration in one go. For servers or network equipment on your network, like gateway router, a static and known IP address is pretty important. Without aesthetic IP configured for a DNS server, it would be hard to connect to it, to diagnose any problems if it was malfunctioning but for a bunch of client devices.
Using DHCP, you can configure a range of IP addresses that’s set aside for these client devices. this ensures that any of these devices can obtain an IP address when they need one. But solves the problem of having to maintain a list of every node on the network and its corresponding IP.
A range of IP addresses is set aside for client devices and one of these IPs is issued to these devices when they request one. IP could be different every time it connects to the network.
A range of IP addresses is set aside for assignment purposes.
Difference is that the DHCP server is asked to keep track of which IPs it’s assigned to certain devices in the past. Using this information, the DHCP server will assign the same IP to the same machine each time if possible.
Requires a manually specified list of MAC address and their corresponding IPs. Searches for MAC address table for the IP. If not found, it might fall back to automatic or dynamic allocation, or it might refuse to assign an IP altogether.