Risk

The possibility of suffering a loss in the event of an attack on the system

Vulnerability

A flaw in a system that could be exploited to compromise the system

0-day vulnerability (zero day)

A vulnerability that is not known to the software developer vendor, but is known to an attacker

Exploit

Software that is used to take advantage of a security bug or vulnerability

Threat

The possibility of danger that could exploit a vulnerability

Hacker

A hacker in the security world is someone who attempts to break into or exploit a system

There are two types of hackers, Black hat hackers, the bad ones, and the white hat hackers who tries to find a way to defend against the black hat hackers.

Attack

An actual attempt at causing harm to a system

Different malwares